
MILES CITY – Habitat conditions in much of southeastern Montana are considerably better than a couple years ago, when the landscape was severely impacted by drought. However, there was very little snow this past winter, which resulted in low winter mortality for many wildlife species but conversely results in very little moisture going into the spring. Much of the region received early summer rainfall this year, which improved habitat conditions across much of the region. But July was extremely hot and dry, which has deteriorated habitat conditions.
Elk
The two core elk populations in the region remain in hunting district (HD) 700 and the Southeastern Montana Elk Management Unit (HDs 702, 704, 705). Access remains challenging, especially in HD 702, where most of the elk occur on private land. Outside of these areas (in HDs 701 and 703), elk numbers are generally low, but numbers have been increasing at a moderate rate, accompanied by a gradual expansion of elk into previously unoccupied habitat.
FWP biologists have observed strong elk numbers and calf recruitment in the Southeastern Montana Elk Management Unit and the bull:cow ratio is at objective (30:-45) as well. In HD 700 the total amount of elk observed during recent surveys decreased and there was a dip in the calf recruitment, too. In HD 700, both the ratio of 25 bulls:100 cows and total observed elk are below objective.
Elk hunters should get familiar with the regulations as they vary across HDs within the region.
Mule deer
Mule deer numbers improved by 15 percent from 2025 and are currently approximately 17 percent below the long-term average across Region 7. The region-wide adult:fawn ratio was 55 fawns per 100 adults, indicating favorable recruitment. Limited winter snowfall resulted in relatively low winter mortality, although the lack of snowpack provided little moisture going into spring. Warm and dry spring conditions limited early-season forage, but early-summer rainfall substantially improved forage conditions across much of the region during the fawning period. Extremely hot and dry conditions in July reduced these benefits and caused forage conditions to decline through the latter part of the summer. Overall, favorable winter survival, improved forage conditions during the fawning period and good recruitment contributed to continued improvement in mule deer numbers across the region. While overall mule deer numbers remain below the long-term average in Region 7, some areas are showing continued signs of recovery.
Antlerless mule deer license quotas remained unchanged from 2025, however hunters are strongly encouraged to review all current regulations prior to hunting this season.
White-tailed deer Read more