SCI Foundation Completes First National-Scale Leopard Assessment in Botswana

Groundbreaking research provides a science-based foundation for leopard conservation, sustainable management, and future monitoring.
SCI Foundation has completed the first national-scale assessment of leopard density and distribution across Botswana, providing critical new data to support science-based wildlife management.
From September 2022 through December 2024, SCIF and its partners caried out an unprecedented field effort across Botswana, surveying 20 sites with more than 1,000 trail camera stations. Researchers recorded 1,424 leopard detections and identified 434 individual adult leopards, making this one of the most comprehensive leopard research efforts conducted in the country.
Following completion of the fieldwork, the data underwent rigorous scientific analyses to estimate leopard density, evaluate patterns in distribution, and better understand the ecological factors influencing leopard populations. This work culminated in the completion of the final report in August 2026, providing Botswana with a strong scientific foundation to support long-term leopard conservation and management.
The study estimated leopard density at 19 sites and found that abundance varied widely across Botswana, ranging from 0.15 to 2.74 leopards per 100 square kilometers. These results show why local data is essential for responsible management decisions, rather than relying on a single nationwide assumption.
Using the survey data, SCIF researchers also developed national maps of predicted leopard abundance and distribution. The model estimated Botswana’s leopard population at approximately 6,262 leopards, with a likely range of 5,676 to 6,849. The findings confirm that leopards remain widely distributed across Botswana while also identifying areas that may serve as important population strongholds and movement corridors.
Importantly, the study provides direct density estimates for 19 sites across the country, along with measures of certainty for each estimate. This gives wildlife managers practical, site-specific information that can help guide population management decisions while also providing a broader understanding of leopard abundance, distribution, and connectivity across Botswana. Read more







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