Redder is Better for Male Cardinals
Bright feather color may indicate superior genes in bird species with red feathers. Male Northern Cardinals, Scarlet Tanagers, and House Finches all have striking red plumage that’s thought to play a role in attracting mates. Researchers have found that males with the brightest red plumage tend to be most successful in attracting a female. Studies suggest that a male’s redness signals to females that he will help produce superior offspring.To develop red feathers, they need to eat seeds or fruit that contain pigment molecules called yellow carotenoids. Their bodies change those pigments from yellow to red, which are transferred to color feathers.
But just because a male cardinal is a brilliant shade of red, does that mean he’s stronger or more fit than his duller-colored competitors? Biologists think one answer may lie in a male’s mitochondria, the energy powerhouses inside its body cells. Research indicates that red carotenoids are concentrated in the mitochondria, and bright coloring is linked to mitochondrial performance. In general, birds with the brightest color also tend to have better foraging skills, better immunity, enhanced winter survival, and improved skill at avoiding predators.
The above short article is part of a transcript from a BirdNote podcast that was published by its partner, Audubon, at https://www.audubon.org/news/for-male-cardinals-redder-better BirdNote episodes are aired daily on public radio stations nationwide.
